The beneficial effects of physical-exercise in the brain and related pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

This paper highlights the extensive benefits of physical-exercise on brain health, particularly its role in protecting against mental health disorders, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and acquired brain injuries such as strokes. Exercise is shown to promote cognitive function and neuroplasticity through mechanisms like increased production of neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF), reduced inflammation, and improved brain vascularization. These findings underscore the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance brain resilience and slow disease progression.

Regular aerobic and strength-training exercises (e.g., walking, cycling, or weightlifting) are recommended to boost cognitive function and protect against neurodegeneration. The findings are robust but derived from mixed methodologies, so individual fitness levels and conditions should guide exercise intensity and frequency.