Neuroplasticity. How regular physical activity influences the brain’s structure and function

This literature review examines how regular physical activity enhances neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to adapt and form new connections. Exercise boosts neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, leading to structural improvements in critical areas like the hippocampus, essential for memory and learning. Aerobic and resistance training improve gray matter volume, executive function, and emotional regulation, helping to reduce the risk of cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental health disorders.

Engage in regular physical activity, combining aerobic exercises like walking or cycling with resistance training. Aim for moderate intensity most days to stimulate neuroplasticity and support brain health. These benefits, while promising, rely on consistent habits, as evidence is based on correlational and experimental studies requiring further exploration.