Neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of yoga-based practices: towards a comprehensive theoretical framework

This theoretical framework explores how yoga-based practices (YBP)—involving movement, breath regulation, and attention—affect brain health and cognitive performance. Evidence suggests YBP reduces stress and improves body awareness, emotional regulation, and cognition by modulating neural circuits, including the insula, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia. Yoga's slow, deliberate movements enhance interoception, coordination, and neuroplasticity, while controlled breathing promotes vagal tone and stress resilience. These findings highlight yoga's potential as a holistic approach to mental and physical well-being, though precise mechanisms need further study.

Incorporate yoga into weekly routines, focusing on practices combining movement, breath, and meditation to improve stress regulation, attention, and emotional balance. Begin with 2–3 sessions weekly of 60 minutes each. While evidence supports yoga’s neurocognitive benefits, individual results vary, and more research is needed to clarify how specific components contribute to brain health.