Impact of aerobic exercise on neurobehavioral outcomes

This paper reviews the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and brain health across different populations. Studies show that physically active individuals have lower rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Aerobic exercise, particularly in older adults, enhances memory, executive function, and processing speed. It also influences brain structure, such as increasing hippocampal volume and improving functional connectivity. These effects are mediated by factors like improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced inflammation, and increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, running, or cycling, for at least 150 minutes per week is beneficial for brain health. Tailor the exercise intensity to your fitness level, and include activities you enjoy to maintain consistency. This recommendation is based on high-quality evidence from randomized trials showing improved cognitive outcomes, particularly in older and sedentary adults.