How exercise influences the brain: a neuroscience perspective

This paper discusses the significant effects of exercise on brain health and cognitive function. Exercise boosts neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to adapt and form new connections—by increasing blood flow, stimulating growth factors like BDNF, and enhancing synaptic activity. These changes improve memory, attention, and overall learning capacity. It also highlights exercise's protective role against cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and anxiety. Aerobic and resistance exercises are especially effective for brain volume growth and faster neural communication. The paper emphasizes exercise as an accessible, low-cost intervention to improve mental and physical health across all ages.

Incorporate 30–60 minutes of moderate aerobic or resistance training 3–5 times weekly to boost memory, focus, and mood. Activities like walking, cycling, or strength training stimulate brain growth and resilience. Exercise also prevents age-related cognitive decline and enhances mental well-being. Given the paper's strong neuroscientific basis, these recommendations apply broadly and offer significant benefits for both younger and older individuals.