Functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in health and disease

This systematic review examines how resistance training (RT) induces neuroplastic changes in the brain and nervous system, improving cognitive and motor functions in health and disease. RT enhances cortical excitability, motor unit recruitment, and brain connectivity while reducing inhibitory processes, particularly in aging populations and individuals with neurological conditions like Parkinson’s or stroke. These adaptations contribute to strength, balance, and functional mobility. However, the link between neural changes and motor performance is not consistently demonstrated, highlighting the need for advanced analytical models to clarify mechanisms. RT emerges as a promising tool for both cognitive and physical health, requiring tailored approaches to optimize benefits.

Engage in resistance training 2–3 times weekly, focusing on exercises that mimic functional movements to boost strength, balance, and brain connectivity. RT is especially beneficial for older adults and those with neurological conditions. Tailor intensity and exercise types to individual needs, and combine RT with task-specific training for better functional outcomes. While neuroplastic benefits are evident, further studies are needed to refine protocols for maximizing cognitive and physical gains.