Exercise intensity matters: A review on evaluating the effects of aerobic exercise intensity on muscle-derived neuroprotective myokines

This review explores how different intensities of aerobic exercise influence neuroprotective myokines—muscle-derived factors that impact brain health. Regular aerobic exercise enhances brain volume, vascular function, and synaptic plasticity, possibly mediated by myokines such as BDNF, FNDC5 (irisin), CTSB, VEGF, and kynurenine metabolites. While moderate-intensity exercise is well-studied, high-intensity training may enhance these neuroprotective effects, particularly through increased lactate and PGC-1α activation. The review highlights the need for standardized definitions of exercise intensity and further research on high-intensity exercise's role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

Engaging in structured aerobic exercise, including both moderate- and high-intensity training, may optimize brain health by enhancing neuroprotective myokines. While high-intensity exercise may further boost cognitive benefits, a balanced approach with consistent physical activity is key. Individuals should tailor exercise intensity based on personal fitness levels and health status, as excessive intensity might counteract benefits through stress-related responses.