Exercise, brain, and cognition across the life span

This review explores the effects of physical activity, specifically aerobic and resistance training, on brain and cognitive health across all ages. It highlights that exercise benefits brain structures like the hippocampus, associated with memory, and the prefrontal cortex, essential for executive function. Aerobic training supports neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and enhanced connectivity in brain networks, while resistance training may promote cognitive health through factors like insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Exercise benefits are most notable in children’s learning, young adults' cognitive efficiency, and older adults' memory and multitasking, indicating its role in lifelong brain health.

Incorporating regular aerobic and resistance exercises into your routine can improve memory, focus, and executive function. This evidence is strong, drawn from human studies and supported by mechanisms identified in animal models, such as increased neurogenesis and connectivity. Start with moderate aerobic activity, like brisk walking or cycling, and integrate resistance training to boost brain health. Consult a professional to tailor intensity to your fitness level for maximum cognitive benefits.