Effects of physical-exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits

This review highlights the profound effects of physical-exercise (PE) on brain function and well-being. PE induces neuroplasticity, enhancing memory, attention, and executive functions by promoting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It improves psychological well-being, reducing anxiety and depression through increased neurotransmitters like serotonin. Both aerobic and resistance exercises positively affect brain structure and function. Epigenetic changes triggered by PE further enhance brain adaptability, making it a critical tool for preventing cognitive decline and improving mental health across all age groups.

Incorporate regular physical-exercise, such as 30–60 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activities or resistance training, at least three times a week. This boosts cognitive functions and psychological well-being by promoting neuroplasticity and reducing stress. Adjust intensity and frequency based on individual health conditions. The findings are robust, supported by animal and human studies, emphasizing the universal benefits of exercise.