Effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functions in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed 54 randomized controlled trials to determine how chronic exercise impacts cognitive functions across different age groups. The study evaluated exercise variables (type, frequency, intensity, duration, and length) and cognitive domains (global cognition, executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed). Results showed that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise significantly enhances global cognition, while resistance training benefits executive function, and mind-body exercises like tai chi improve memory. Older adults exhibited the most notable cognitive improvements. The findings emphasize the importance of regular, tailored exercise regimens in supporting cognitive health and preventing decline.

Engage in regular, moderate-intensity exercise to enhance cognitive functions, particularly as you age. Aerobic exercises like walking or swimming can boost overall cognition, while resistance training supports executive skills like decision-making. Mind-body activities, such as tai chi, are effective for memory. Aim for 45–60 minutes of exercise 3–5 times weekly over several months. These recommendations are supported by robust evidence, though further research is needed for younger populations and specific cognitive domains.