Acute Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function and Neurotrophins in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines whether physical exercise acutely affects cognitive function and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM), a condition linked to cognitive decline. The review analyzed four studies (totaling 78 participants) with varied exercise intensities, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate continuous exercise. Results consistently showed that BDNF levels increased post-exercise, and cognitive performance improved in certain tasks. However, studies had small sample sizes, with only two using randomization and three including control groups. Statistical significance was generally observed, but the generalizability remains uncertain. The authors emphasize the need for further randomized trials to confirm the potential neurocognitive benefits of exercise in T1DM patients.

To support brain health, individuals—especially those with T1DM—can engage in regular physical activity, particularly high-intensity or moderate continuous exercise. While evidence suggests short-term cognitive benefits and BDNF elevation, long-term impacts remain unclear. Complementary lifestyle strategies include stable blood glucose management, structured cognitive engagement (e.g., learning new skills), and quality sleep. These may enhance neuroplasticity and cognitive function, but more research is needed to establish direct causation.