WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Effects on sleep

This systematic review examined the impact of environmental noise, including road, rail, and aircraft noise, on sleep. It found that noise exposure significantly disturbs sleep, leading to awakenings and reduced sleep quality. Effects were assessed through both subjective self-reports and objective polysomnography. Noise-induced disturbances can impair cognitive performance, mood, and health outcomes, such as cardiovascular risk, over time. These findings underscore the importance of minimizing noise to improve sleep and overall brain function.

Reduce nighttime noise exposure by using soundproof windows, noise-canceling devices, or white noise machines. The study's moderate evidence for noise-induced sleep disturbances supports these changes as impactful for improving sleep quality and cognitive health.