The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

This meta-analysis investigates the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil, was associated with an 11–30% reduced risk of cognitive decline. Key components such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants promote brain and vascular health, reduce inflammation, and support neuroprotection. These findings emphasize the Mediterranean diet as a viable non-pharmacological approach to mitigating cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, making it a cornerstone of public health strategies for healthy aging.

Adopt the Mediterranean diet to support brain health: consume fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil, and whole grains while reducing red meat and processed foods. Pairing the diet with regular exercise and social engagement amplifies its benefits. Although based on observational studies and meta-analysis, the evidence is robust and suggests significant long-term neuroprotective benefits.