The role of nutrition and the Mediterranean diet on the trajectories of cognitive decline

This review discusses the significant role of nutrition, particularly the Mediterranean diet, in reducing dementia risk and supporting brain health. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and moderate fish intake, is linked to slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of dementia. Its benefits may arise from improved vascular health, reduced inflammation, and positive impacts on the gut-brain axis. Promoting such dietary habits early in life can lead to long-term cognitive health benefits and reduced neurodegeneration risks.

Adopting a Mediterranean diet may help preserve cognitive health and reduce dementia risk. Focus on whole foods, olive oil, fish, and fresh produce while limiting processed and red meats. Pairing the diet with other healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise, amplifies its benefits. While evidence is strong, individual results may vary, and the greatest benefits are seen with long-term adherence starting in midlife or earlier.