The intricate interplay between dietary habits and cognitive function: insights from the gut-brain axis

This review explores how dietary habits influence cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. It highlights the Mediterranean, plant-based, and low-carbohydrate diets, which are rich in antioxidants and neuroprotective nutrients, potentially reducing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease risks. These diets support brain health by lowering inflammation, oxidative stress, and improving neurogenesis. While dietary interventions show promise, challenges such as adherence and individual variability must be addressed. Future research should focus on large-scale, long-term randomized trials to refine dietary recommendations for cognitive health.

To improve brain health, individuals can focus on maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and lean proteins while reducing processed foods, excessive sugars, and unhealthy fats. Physical activity, sleep quality, and stress management also contribute to cognitive resilience. However, given this research's nature as a literature review, clinical recommendations require further validation through controlled human studies to establish direct cause-effect relationships.