The effects of chronic stress on neurological health and cognitive health

This review examines the impact of chronic stress on brain health and cognitive decline. Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elevating cortisol levels, which can damage brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, impairing memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation. Stress-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress accelerate neuronal damage and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The findings highlight the importance of managing stress to maintain cognitive resilience and brain health.

Practice stress-management techniques like mindfulness, regular aerobic exercise, and cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce cortisol levels and enhance cognitive health. While the evidence links stress to brain changes, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the long-term benefits of these interventions.