The effect of social relationships on cognitive decline in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated 34 longitudinal cohort studies to determine how social relationships impact cognitive decline in older adults. It confirmed that poor social relationships—whether structural (e.g., small networks, low participation) or functional (e.g., lack of support, loneliness)—are associated with increased cognitive decline. Combining structural and functional factors showed even stronger effects. These findings highlight social-engagement's protective role in maintaining cognitive health as we age.

To protect against cognitive decline, actively build and maintain diverse social networks. Participate in community events, engage in hobbies, or volunteer regularly. Ensure meaningful connections with friends and family to foster emotional and practical support. Though evidence is strong, causation isn't fully established, so integrate these habits with other healthy practices.