Sleep Patterns and Human Brain Health

This review examines the role of sleep in brain health, assessing theories on its functions, including waste removal, memory consolidation, and adaptation. While poor sleep is associated with cognitive decline, evidence for a causal relationship remains weak. The widely accepted glymphatic system theory, which suggests sleep clears metabolic waste, lacks consistent support in human studies. Research on chronic sleep deprivation shows mixed results, with no strong evidence that habitual short sleep harms brain health. The study calls for more longitudinal and ecologically valid research to clarify sleep’s role in cognitive aging and neurodegeneration.

To support brain health, prioritize sleep quality over duration. Engage in consistent sleep routines, manage stress, and reduce exposure to artificial light before bed. Regular physical activity and cognitive engagement also enhance resilience against neurodegeneration. Since the study found inconsistent links between sleep length and brain health, individual sleep needs should be respected. Instead of focusing on duration alone, improving overall lifestyle and maintaining cognitive stimulation may offer greater benefits.