Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance

This review examines the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. Total sleep deprivation (24–72 hours) impairs attention, working memory, decision-making, and long-term memory, while chronic partial sleep deprivation (restricted sleep over days) impacts vigilance and processing speed. sleep deprivation alters brain activity in regions like the prefrontal cortex and thalamus, leading to slower responses and attentional lapses. Recovery often requires at least one full night of sleep, though effects vary by age, gender, and individual differences. This underscores the critical role of sufficient sleep in maintaining cognitive functions and overall brain health.

Prioritize consistent, adequate sleep (7–9 hours) to support attention, memory, and decision-making abilities. Address lifestyle factors that disrupt sleep, such as irregular schedules, stress, or stimulants. If sleep loss occurs, aim for at least one full recovery night to mitigate cognitive decline. While evidence confirms the risks of both acute and chronic sleep deprivation, strategies should be tailored to individual needs and life circumstances.