Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review

This systematic review examines the relationship between sleep disturbances and cognitive outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Analyzing 35 studies, it identifies links between poor sleep and cognitive impairments, such as slowed information processing and memory issues, particularly when sleep is objectively measured. Self-reported sleep data showed weaker associations. sleep disorders like insomnia and restless legs syndrome are prevalent in MS and worsen cognitive fatigue. These findings emphasize the need for managing sleep to improve cognitive health in MS.

MS patients should prioritize managing sleep disorders by seeking treatments for insomnia or restless legs syndrome, adopting good sleep hygiene, and considering objective sleep assessments when possible. This review highlights moderate evidence linking improved sleep with better cognitive outcomes, although the findings rely on diverse methodologies and observational data. Further clinical studies are needed to strengthen these recommendations and tailor interventions for MS.