Musical Training as a Framework for Brain Plasticity: Behavior, Function, and Structure

This review highlights how musical training enhances brain plasticity across behavior, function, and structure. Musical practice involves complex interactions between auditory, motor, and higher cognitive systems, leading to both short- and long-term changes. Training modifies neural pathways, increases cortical and subcortical connectivity, and improves skills like memory and sensory-motor integration. These findings suggest music can be a valuable tool for cognitive development, rehabilitation, and potentially delaying age-related declines. Its multimodal nature makes it a strong framework for studying brain adaptability.

Engaging in musical training, such as learning an instrument or active music-making, can improve brain health by enhancing cognitive flexibility, memory, and motor skills. Benefits are strongest with consistent practice and when training begins early, though gains are seen across all ages. This is supported by robust evidence of brain plasticity but depends on individual motivation and context. Combine music with other enriching activities like exercise for optimal effects on cognitive function.