Multi-Dimensional Evidence from the UK Biobank Shows the Impact of Diet and Macronutrient Intake on Aging

This study examined how diet influences aging using data from the UK Biobank, analyzing dietary intake, macronutrients, and biomarkers in 493,478 participants. High-dimensional fixed effects (HDFE) models and Mendelian randomization (MVMR) were used to assess causality. Findings suggest that plant-based diets and carbohydrate intake are linked to longer telomeres, younger phenotypic age, and improved brain grey matter volume, while high-fat and animal-based diets correlate with faster aging. Despite strong statistical associations, the study acknowledges limitations in generalizability due to the predominantly White, older, and educated sample. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm long-term dietary effects on aging.

A diet rich in plant-based foods and carbohydrates may slow biological aging and support brain health. Whole grains, legumes, and fruits provide key nutrients linked to longer telomeres and improved cognitive function. However, diet alone is not a solution—physical activity, sleep, and stress management also play crucial roles. Since findings are based on large-scale data without direct dietary interventions, individuals should personalize dietary choices while considering overall lifestyle habits for optimal aging.