Improvement in executive function for older adults through smartphone apps: a randomized clinical trial comparing language learning and brain training

This randomized clinical trial compared the effects of two smartphone-based interventions—language learning via Duolingo and brain training via BrainHQ—on executive function in adults aged 65–75 over 16 weeks. Both interventions improved executive function, such as working memory and response inhibition, compared to a control group. BrainHQ showed stronger benefits in processing speed, while Duolingo provided equivalent gains in accuracy-based tasks, like the Stroop test. Participants found language learning more enjoyable and adhered better to its schedule, suggesting its potential as a cognitive intervention with social and lifestyle benefits.

Older adults can benefit cognitively from engaging in app-based language learning or brain training for 30 minutes daily. Language learning is particularly appealing due to its enjoyment and potential for social-engagement. While BrainHQ offers greater speed benefits, combining both approaches may enhance cognitive resilience. Long-term studies are needed to confirm lasting impacts on dementia risk.