Impact of Stress on the Brain: Pathology, Treatment and Prevention

This review highlights how chronic stress affects brain health, linking it to structural and functional changes in critical areas like the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Stress can impair memory, emotional regulation, and decision-making by reducing neurogenesis, shrinking brain structures, and altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Emerging evidence also explores intergenerational effects through epigenetics. Strategies such as mindfulness, exercise, and pharmacological interventions can mitigate stress impacts. Understanding these mechanisms aids in developing better treatments and preventive measures for stress-related disorders, including PTSD and depression.

To protect brain health under stress, adopt practices like regular physical-exercise, mindfulness meditation, or yoga to regulate stress hormones and enhance neurogenesis. Aim for consistent routines, as chronic stress can harm memory and emotional well-being. While preventive strategies show promise, combining them with professional help in cases of severe stress ensures more comprehensive support.