Impact of sleep duration on executive function and brain structure

This study examined the relationship between sleep duration, brain structure, and cognitive performance in nearly 480,000 middle-to-late-aged adults. Seven hours of sleep was associated with optimal cognitive performance, particularly in executive function (decision-making and attention). MRI data revealed that sleeping 6–8 hours was linked to larger volumes in critical brain regions, including the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex. Both short and long sleep durations correlated with reduced brain volume and cognitive decline, forming a "U-shaped" relationship. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining consistent, adequate sleep for brain health and aging.

Aim for 7 hours of sleep per night to maximize cognitive performance and maintain brain structure. This optimal duration supports memory, attention, and brain health by reducing atrophy in key regions. Avoid consistently shorter or longer durations, as these can accelerate cognitive decline. While these findings are robust, individual variability should be considered; consult with a healthcare provider for personalized sleep guidance.