Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review

This review discusses how diet and exercise interventions impact cognitive health and brain structure in older adults. It emphasizes the benefits of diets such as Mediterranean (MeDi), DASH, MIND, and weight-loss-focused approaches, highlighting their roles in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and supporting brain energy metabolism. Exercise modalities like endurance, resistance training, and yoga also improve cognition by enhancing brain vascularization and neuroplasticity. While evidence suggests these interventions help prevent cognitive decline, more targeted research is needed to identify the most effective strategies.

To improve brain health, combine a Mediterranean or MIND diet with regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercise and resistance training. Focus on whole foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats while ensuring sufficient exercise to promote cardiovascular and brain health. Tailor interventions to individual needs for optimal results.