Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review

This narrative review examines the role of diet and exercise in maintaining cognition and brain health in older adults. It highlights the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets, which include nutrient-dense foods like leafy greens, berries, and fatty fish, as protective against cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise types such as aerobic, resistance, and combined programs are shown to promote neurogenesis, improve memory, and enhance executive function. Both interventions target systemic inflammation, energy metabolism, and vascular health, critical factors in aging.

Adopting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids while engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly can support cognitive and brain health. These strategies show promise, though individualized adjustments may be needed based on specific health needs and capacities.