Healthy brain, healthy life: a review of diet and exercise interventions to promote brain health and reduce Alzheimer’s disease risk

This review emphasizes the impact of diet and exercise on reducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and improving brain health. The Mediterranean diet, rich in polyunsaturated fats, polyphenols, and antioxidants, protects against cognitive decline by reducing inflammation and supporting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In contrast, the Western diet, high in saturated fats and simple sugars, increases AD risk through inflammation and insulin resistance. Regular exercise complements these benefits by boosting BDNF, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity, supporting cognitive and neuronal health.

Adopt a Mediterranean diet with abundant vegetables, fruits, fish, and olive oil while avoiding high-fat and sugary foods. Combine this with regular aerobic and resistance exercises to maximize brain health. Consistency is crucial, as benefits depend on long-term lifestyle adherence.