Experience of Playing a Musical Instrument and Lifetime Change in General Cognitive Ability: Evidence From the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

This study investigated whether playing a musical instrument is linked to long-term changes in cognitive ability, using data from 366 participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Cognitive tests conducted at ages 11 and 70 revealed a small but significant positive association between musical training and cognitive improvement. Participants with more experience in musical training demonstrated slightly better cognitive changes over time. These results suggest a possible benefit of musical training on maintaining cognitive health across the lifespan, although the study cannot prove causation due to its observational nature. Socioeconomic status and education were also key factors influencing outcomes.

Engaging in musical activities, such as learning to play an instrument, may support cognitive health over time. Starting early may offer the greatest benefits, but even limited musical training could positively impact long-term cognition. Pair music with other stimulating activities, like exercise or social-engagement, for holistic brain health. While results suggest benefits, the study's observational nature means more research is needed to confirm causation.