Efficacy of Dietary Supplements on sleep Quality and Daytime Function of Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of dietary supplements (DSs) on sleep quality and daytime function in shift workers across 12 studies involving 917 participants. DSs, including melatonin, probiotics, and vitamins, improved sleep quality and daytime function but showed no significant effect on psychomotor vigilance, depression, or anxiety. Results were limited by high variability among studies and lack of long-term follow-up. The findings support DSs as a safe, modestly effective option for managing sleep in shift workers.

Shift workers might benefit from melatonin or probiotics to enhance sleep quality and daytime performance. However, these should complement other strategies like consistent sleep schedules and light exposure control. Evidence supports modest efficacy with no serious side effects, but benefits may vary due to study heterogeneity and lack of long-term data.