Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

This systematic review examines randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how dietary interventions—like specific foods, supplements, or diets—impact cognitive health in adults with and without cognitive impairments. Results highlight the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, showing its promise in reducing cognitive decline, while evidence for the DASH and MIND diets remains inconclusive. Supplements like polyphenols and specific nutrient combinations show potential for enhancing memory and brain health, though results are mixed. Consistency and higher-quality studies are needed to strengthen these findings, as they hold significant potential for preventing cognitive decline and supporting brain health.

To improve brain health, consider adopting a Mediterranean-style diet rich in fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and whole grains. Incorporate foods rich in polyphenols (e.g., berries, green tea) and healthy fats like omega-3s from fish. While supplements may help, focus on whole foods first due to limited consistent evidence. Consult a healthcare provider before using supplements, as benefits vary based on individual needs.