Does Second Language Learning Promote Neuroplasticity in Aging? A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Neuroimaging Studies

This systematic review explores whether learning a second language (SLA) in later life enhances cognitive abilities and promotes neuroplasticity in older adults. Based on nine studies, results suggest SLA can improve executive functions such as attentional switching, inhibition, and working memory. Brain imaging also indicates increased connectivity in areas linked to cognitive control. However, findings are mixed, with improvements dependent on the intensity and duration of the language course. The research highlights SLA as a promising intervention to maintain cognitive health and resilience against age-related decline but calls for more robust studies to confirm these benefits.

Engaging in second language learning can be a beneficial way for older adults to enhance cognitive functions like attention and working memory. Aim for structured and intensive courses (e.g., several hours per week for at least a few months) to maximize benefits. However, while promising, these findings are based on small and varied studies. Individuals should consider combining SLA with other proven cognitive activities for a well-rounded approach to brain health.