Does Learning to Read Improve Intelligence? A Longitudinal Multivariate Analysis in Identical Twins From Age 7 to 16

This longitudinal study used data from identical twin pairs to examine the effect of reading ability on intelligence development from ages 7 to 16. Researchers found that differences in reading ability predicted later differences in both verbal and nonverbal intelligence, independent of genetic and shared environmental factors. The results suggest that reading ability fosters cognitive development, potentially enhancing problem-solving and general reasoning skills. Interestingly, the association was stronger for reading ability than for reading exposure. These findings highlight reading as a key nonshared environmental factor that can influence intellectual growth.

Encourage early and sustained development of reading skills, as this study shows reading ability significantly boosts cognitive development, particularly in reasoning and problem-solving. While causality is supported, interventions like reading programs should be combined with other enriching activities to maximize cognitive outcomes. Focus on reading quality and skill-building rather than mere exposure to reading material for broader intellectual benefits.