Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities

This paper examines how physical and cognitive activities can build cognitive reserve, which helps the brain resist damage and delays dementia onset. Physical activities, particularly aerobic exercises, preserve brain volume and improve neural health, while cognitive activities strengthen brain networks and enhance mental flexibility. These activities may slow age-related brain changes and reduce dementia risk, although they should be combined for optimal benefits. Long-term lifestyle changes that include regular physical and mental stimulation could improve brain resilience and cognitive performance.

Engage in regular aerobic exercises (e.g., walking, running, or cycling) combined with cognitively stimulating activities like puzzles, reading, or learning new skills. These interventions support brain health by maintaining structural integrity and enhancing neural networks. However, results are based on observational and experimental studies, so effects might vary among individuals.