Association Between Dietary Supplement Use, Nutrient Intake, and Mortality Among US Adults: A Cohort Study

This cohort study evaluated the impact of dietary supplements and nutrient intake on mortality in U.S. adults. It found that dietary supplements did not significantly reduce all-cause, cardiovascular, or cancer-related mortality. Adequate nutrient intake from foods (not supplements), particularly vitamin K, magnesium, and zinc, was associated with reduced mortality risks. However, excess calcium intake from supplements was linked to increased cancer mortality. These findings highlight the importance of meeting nutrient needs through diet rather than supplements.

Focus on achieving nutrient adequacy through a balanced diet rich in whole foods like leafy greens, nuts, and seeds. Avoid excessive reliance on high-dose supplements, especially calcium, unless medically advised. While supplements might fill dietary gaps, they do not replace the health benefits of nutrients from food.