A Critical Review of the Study of Neuroprotective Diets to Reduce Cognitive Decline

This critical review evaluates neuroprotective diets such as the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets in reducing cognitive decline. These diets are rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, and nutrients that support brain health, potentially reducing risks of Alzheimer’s and dementia. However, findings across 5 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 27 observational studies were inconsistent due to varied dietary scoring methods, cognitive assessment tools, and study durations. Despite gaps, these diets show promise in slowing cognitive decline and warrant further high-quality, long-term trials.

Adopting a Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diet may support brain health by promoting antioxidant intake and reducing inflammation. However, their exact effects on cognition require more robust research. These diets are generally safe, and incorporating more vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil can be beneficial.